The fundamental organizational unit of life is the cell.
Cell is the basic unit of life.
A cell is
the basic structural and functional unit of an organism.
All
organisms are composed of cells
and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Robert
Hooke observed the
cell for the first time in 1665.
An organelle is an intracellular structure present
in the cytoplasm of a cell
Cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane composed of
lipids and proteins.
On the basis of the presence or
absence of the organized nucleus, cells are categorized into two types that
is Prokaryotic Cell ( Without organized Nucleus) and Eukaryotic Cell ( With Organized Nucleus)
Prokaryotic Cell - Cells that do not
have a nuclear membrane bound nuclear material are called Prokaryotic cells OR
A cell without a distinct nuclear structure is called a Prokaryotic
cell. Example Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Blue green algae etc.
Eukaryotic Cell - Cells that have a nuclear membrane bound nuclear
material are called Eukaryotic cells OR
A cell with a distinct nucleus is called a Eukaryotic cell . Example
Plant cell, Animal cell, Fungi etc.
|
PLANT CELL |
ANIMAL CELL |
|
Plant
cells are usually large in size (Cubed or Rectangular in shape) |
Animal
cells are usually small in size ( Irregular in shape. Ex. Cells are round, oval, flattened or rod shaped, Spherical, concave, rectangular....) |
|
Cell
wall is present |
Cell
wall is absent |
|
Plastids
( Ex. Chloroplast, Chromoplast) are present |
Plastids
are absent ( Except Protozoan and
Euglena) |
|
Vacuoles
are larger in size |
Vacuoles are smaller in size ( Seen in
Unicellular organisms) |
|
Centrioles
are absent |
Centrioles
are present |
|
Plants
cell can withstand the greater changes
in the external environment due to presence of cell wall. |
Animal
cell cannot withstand the greater
changes in the external environment due to absence of cell wall. |
|
PROKARYOTIC CELL |
EUKARYOTIC CELL |
|
Nuclear
Membrane around Nucleus is absent |
Nuclear
Membrane around nucleus is present |
|
Membrane
bound cell organelles are absent. (Examples of membrane - bound cell organelles are nucleus,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, plastids, lysosomes and
vacuoles.) |
Membrane bound cell organelles are Present |
|
Nucleolus
is absent |
Nucleolus is present |
|
Size
of the Cell is generally small |
Size
of the cell is generally large |
|
Most
Prokaryotic cells are unicellular |
Most
Eukaryotic cells are Multicellular |
|
It
contains single chromosome (A chromosome is
an organized package of DNA found in the nucleus of the cell) |
It
contains more than one chromosome |
|
Cell
division occurs by Mitosis |
Cell division occurs by both Mitosis and Meiosis |
|
Examples
: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Blue green algae. |
Examples : Plant cell, Animal Cell, Fungi…. |
